Tibetan Tsampa
Tibetan culture – Water Treatment Chemicals – China Mono Ethylene Glycol by hi joiney
Tibetan art Main article Tibetan art Tibetan art is deeply religious in nature a form of sacred art Yama Dharmapala the Lord of Death is revered in Tibet as a guardian of spiritual practice and was likely revered even before the conversion of Tibet from Bn to Buddhism in the 40th century Field Museum Chicago Thangka paintings a syncrestism of Chinese scroll painting with Nepalese and Kashmiri painting appeared around the 11th century Rectangular and painted on cotton or linen they are usually traditional motifs depicting religious astrological and theological subjects and sometimes the Mandala To ensure that the image will not fade organic and mineral pigments are added and the painting is framed in colorful silk broadcades A thangka painting in Sikkim The art of Tibet may be studied in terms of influences which have contributed to it over the centuries Mahayana Buddhist influence As Mahayana Buddhism emerged as a separate school in the 4th century BC it emphasized the role of bodhisattvas compassionate beings who forego their personal escape to Nirvana in order to assist others From an early time various bodhisattvas were also subjects of statuary art Tibetan Buddhism as an offspring of Mahayana Buddhism inherited this tradition A common bodhisattva depicted in Tibetan art is the Chenrezig deity Avalokitesvara often portrayed as a thousand armed saint with an eye in the middle of each hand representing the all seeing compassionate one who hears our requests Tantric influence Young monks woodblock printing Sera Monastery Tibet Dragon Tibet can be seen at the Field Museum Detail of the Vajrayana mandala shown above This is a Garbhadhatu mandala representing Vairocana Buddha surrounded by eight Buddhas and bodhisattvas clockwise from top Ratnaketu Samantabhadra Samkusumitaraja Manjusri Amitabha Avalokitesvara Dundubhinirghosa Maitreya More specifically Tibetan Buddhism is a subset of Tantric Buddhism also known as Vajrayana Buddhism for its common symbolism of the vajra the diamond thunderbolt known in Tibetan as the dorje Most of the typical Tibetan Buddhist art can be seen as part of the practice of tantra A surprising aspect of Tantric Buddhism is the common representation of wrathful deities often depicted with angry faces circles of flame or with the skulls of the dead These images represent the Protectors Skt dharmapala and their fearsome bearing belies their true compassionate nature Actually their wrath represents their dedication to the protection of the dharma teaching as well as to the protection of the specific tantric practices to prevent corruption or disruption of the practice Bn influence The indigenous shamanistic religion of the Himalayas is known as Bn Bon contributes a pantheon of local tutelary deities to Tibetan art In Tibetan temples known as lhakhang statues of the Buddha or Padmasambhava are often paired with statues of the tutelary deity of the district who often appears angry or dark These gods once inflicted harm and sickness on the local citizens but after the arrival of Padmasambhava these negative forces have been subdued and now must serve Buddha Cuisine The most important crop is Barley Main article Tibetan food The Cuisine of Tibet is quite distinct from that of its neighbours since only a few crops not including rice grow at such high altitude The most important crop is barley Dough made from barley flour called tsampa is the staple food of Tibet Meat dishes are likely to be yak goat or mutton often dried or cooked into a spicy stew with potatoes Mustard seed is cultivated in Tibet and therefore features heavily in its cuisine Yak yoghurt butter and cheese are frequently eaten and well prepared yoghurt is considered something of a prestige item Other Tibetan foods include Balep korkun a central Tibetan flatbread that is made on a skillet rather than in an oven Thenthuk a type of cold weather soup made with noodles and various vegetables In larger Tibetan towns and cities many restaurants now serve Sichuan style Chinese food Western imports and fusion dishes such as fried yak and chips are also popular Nevertheless many small restaurants serving traditional Tibetan dishes persist in both cities and the countryside Tibetan kitchen items Note the small size of the butter churn with shoulder strap suitable for nomadic life Field Museum Jasmine tea and yak butter tea are drunk Alcoholic beverages include Chang a beer usually made from barley Raksi a rice wine Calendar Main article Tibetan calendar The Tibetan calendar is the lunisolar calendar that is the Tibetan year is composed of either 12 or 13 lunar months each beginning and ending with a new moon A thirteenth month is added approximately every three years so that an average Tibetan year is equal to the solar year The months have no names but are referred to by their numbers except the fourth month which is called the saka dawa The Tibetan New Year celebration is Losar Each year is associated with an animal and an element The animals alternate in the following order Hare Dragon Snake Horse Goat Rooster Dog Pig Mouse Bull Tiger The elements alternate in the following order Fire Earth Iron Water Wood Each element is associated with two consecutive years first in its male aspect then in its female aspect For example a male Earth Dragon year is followed by a female Earth Snake year then by a male Iron Horse year The sex may be omitted as it can be inferred from the animal The element animal designations recur in cycles of 60 years starting with a female Fire Hare year These big cycles are numbered The first cycle started in 1027 Therefore 2005 roughly corresponds to the female Wood Bird year of the 17th cycle and 2008 corresponds to a male Earth Mouse year of the same cycle Days of the week The days of the week are named for celestial bodies Day Tibetan Wylie Phonetic transcription Object Sunday gza nyi ma Sa nyi ma Sun Monday gza zla ba Sa da wa Moon Tuesday gza mig dmar Sa Ming mar Mars Wednesday gza lhak pa Sa Lhak pa Mercury Thursday gza phur bu Sa Phur bu Jupiter Friday gza pa sangs Sa Pa sang Venus Saturday gza spen pa Sa Pen pa Saturn Nyima Sun Dawa Moon and Lhakpa Mercury are common personal names for people born on Sunday Monday or Wednesday respectively Tibetan Eras Rab byung The first year of the first 60 year cycle is equivalent to AD 1027 Rab lo The total number of years since 1027 are counted Tibetan Era used on Tibetan banknotes The first year of this era is equivalent to AD 255 rgyal lo or bod rgyal lo The first year of this era is equivalent to 127 BC Clothing and khata Tibetan woman s dress Field Museum Tibetan herdsman s coat fur lined A portable shrine for worship was carried with a shoulder strap Field Museum Tibetans are very conservative in their dress and though some have taken to wearing Western clothes traditional styles still abound Women wear dark colored wrap dresses over a blouse and a colorfully striped woven wool apron signals that she is married Men and women both wear long sleeves even in the hot summer months Two women at Drepung Monastery wearing U Tsang chubas Except for the lamas and for certain laymen who shave their heads the Tibetans wear their hair either long or in a braid wound around their heads and embellished with a complicated pattern of lesser braids which make the whole thing look like some sort of crown They often wear a huge conical felt hat whose shape varies according to the district they come from sometimes its peak supports a kind of mortarboard from which dangles a thick woolen fringe In order to prevent their hats being blown away they attach them to their heads with the long braid I have just described and which has to be unwound for the purpose In their left ear they wear a heavy silver ring decorated with a huge ornament of either coral or turquoise Their costume is not elaborate It normally consists only of a shuba a long capacious robe with wide elongated sleeves which hang almost to the ground This is caught up at the waist by a woolen girdle so that its skirts reach only to the knees and its upper folds form an enormous circular pocket round its wearer s chest This is called the ampa and in it are stowed a wide range of implements an eating bowl a bag of tsampa and many other small necessities Many shubas are made of wool either the plain gray wool they spin in Sikang or the splendid warm soft stuff from Lhasa dyed a rich dark red The nomads on the other hand generally wear a sheepskin shuba hand sewn and crudely tanned in butter with the fleece on the inside The town dwelling Tibetans prosperous merchants for the most part supplement this garment with cotton or woolen drawers and a cotton or silk undershirt with long sleeves but the nomads normally wear nothing at all underneath it though in winter they sometimes put on sheepskin drawers The Tibetans hardly ever do their shubas up over their chests The right shoulder and arm are almost always left free and when they are on the march or at work the whole top part of the robe is allowed to slip down so that it is supported only by the belt This leaves them naked above the waist and clad in a very odd looking sort of skirt below it They hardly feel the cold at all and in the depth of winter heedless of frost or snow or wind they trudge imperturbably along with their bosoms bared to the icy blast Their feet too are bare inside their great high boots These have soft soles of raw untanned leather the loose fitting leg of the boot which may be red or black or green has a sort of woolen garter around the top of it which is fastened to the leg above the knee with another very brightly colored strip of woolen material A Khata is a traditional ceremonious scarf given in Tibet It symbolizes goodwill auspiciousness and compassion It is usually made of silk and white symbolising the pure heart of the giver The khata is a highly versatile gift It can be presented at any festive occasions to a host or at weddings funerals births graduations arrivals and departure of guests etc The Tibetans commonly give a kind acknowledgment of Tashi Delek meaning good luck at the time of presenting Our Christian evangelist at Khalatse had become a father a few weeks before and the people of the village had made presents of flour ibex to him and his wife He gave me one of those figures which are made of flour and butter and told me that it was a custom in Tibet and Ladakh to make presents of flour ibex on the occasion of the birth of a child This is quite interesting information I had often wondered why there were so many rock carvings of ibex at places connected with the pre Buddhist religion of Ladakh Now it appears probable that they are thank offerings after the birth of children As I have tried to show in my previous article people used to go to the pre Buddhist places of worship in particular to pray to be blessed with children Polyandry and polygyny Tibetans used to practice polyandry widely In his memoirs about his life in Tibet in the 1940 s Austrian writer Heinrich Harrer reports encountering nomads practising polyandry We were astonished to find polyandry practised among the nomads When several brothers share the same wife the eldest is always the master in the household and the others have rights only when he is away or amusing himself elsewhere Harrer also mentions the practice of polygyny in one particular case a man marrying several daughters of a house in which there is no son and heir The arrangement prevents the family fortune from being dispersed Rugs Main article Tibetan rug Tibetan rug making is an ancient art and craft in the tradition of Tibetan people These rugs are primarily made from tibetan highland sheep s virgin wool The Tibetan uses rugs for almost any domestic use from flooring to wall hanging to horse saddles The process of making tibetan rugs is unique in the sense that almost about everything is done by hand But with the introduction of modern technology a few aspects of the rug making processes have been taken over by machine primarily because of cost disappearance of knowledge etc However some new finishing touches are also made possible by machine With Tibet s occupation by Chinese communists in early 1950 Tibetan refugees started migrating to India and Nepal With them they also brought their knowledge of rug making Currently in Nepal the rug business is one of the largest industries in the country and there are many rug exporters Architecture The White Palace of the Potala Tibetan architecture contains Chinese and Indian influences and reflects a deeply Buddhist approach The Buddhist prayer wheel along with two deer or dragons can be seen on nearly every Gompa in Tibet The design of the Tibetan Chrtens can vary from roundish walls in Kham to squarish four sided walls in Ladakh The most unusual feature of Tibetan architecture is that many of the houses and monasteries are built on elevated sunny sites facing the south and are often made out a mixture of rocks wood cement and earth Little fuel is available for heat or lighting so flat roofs are built to conserve heat and multiple windows are constructed to let in sunlight Walls are usually sloped inwards at 10 degrees as a precaution against frequent earthquakes in the mountainous area Tashilhunpo reflects a style which would influence that of Mongol styles of architecture World Heritage Site Standing at 117 meters in height and 360 meters in width the Potala Palace designated as a World Heritage Site in 1994 and extended to include the Norbulingka area in 2001 is considered a most important example of Tibetan architecture Formerly the residence of the Dalai Lama it contains over a thousand rooms within thirteen stories and houses portraits of the past Dalai Lamas and statues of the Buddha It is divided into the outer
About the Author
We are high quality suppliers, our products such as Water Treatment Chemicals , China Mono Ethylene Glycol for oversee buyer. To know more, please visits sodium metabisulfite,zinc sulphate.
Jamdak.m4v
|
|
Pilgrims and Monks Throwing Tsampa (Flour) into Air, Celebrating Tibetan New Year, Kathmandu, Nepal Art Styles Framed Photographic Poster Print by Alison Wright, 44×32 Art.com is the world’s largest retailer of art prints, posters, photographs, and framed artwork. With our huge selection of over 400,000 prints, you’ll easily find the perfect piece for your home, office, or classroom. Our art is printed on quality paper. When you order framed artwork, the piece is built by our team of in-house professionals. Visit our Amazon store today at www.amazon.com/artdotco… |
|
|
Pilgrims and Monks Throwing Tsampa (Flour) into Air, Celebrating Tibetan New Year, Kathmandu, Nepal Framed Photographic Poster Print by Alison Wright, 21×17 Art.com is the world’s largest retailer of art prints, posters, photographs, and framed artwork. With our huge selection of over 400,000 prints, you’ll easily find the perfect piece for your home, office, or classroom. Our art is printed on quality paper. When you order framed artwork, the piece is built by our team of in-house professionals. Visit our Amazon store today at www.amazon.com/artdotco… |
|
|
Pilgrims and Monks Throwing Tsampa (Flour) into Air, Celebrating Tibetan New Year, Kathmandu, Nepal Lonely Planet Collection Framed Art Poster Print by Alison Wright, 39×31 Art.com is the world’s largest retailer of art prints, posters, photographs, and framed artwork. With our huge selection of over 400,000 prints, you’ll easily find the perfect piece for your home, office, or classroom. Our art is printed on quality paper. When you order framed artwork, the piece is built by our team of in-house professionals. Visit our Amazon store today at www.amazon.com/artdotco… |
